Palette

The palette enables you to modify the color of the components to suit your brand.

Color tokens

Palette colors are represented by four tokens:

• main: The main shade of the color
• light: A lighter shade of main
• dark: A darker shade of main
• contrastText: Text color, intended to contrast with main

Here's how Material UI's default theme defines the primary color tokens:

const primary = {
  main: '#1976d2',
  light: '#42a5f5',
  dark: '#1565c0',
  contrastText: '#fff',
};

See the Color documentation for details on the Material Design color system.

Default colors

The theme exposes the following default palette colors (accessible under theme.palette.*):

• primary - for primary interface elements.
• secondary - for secondary interface elements.
• error - for elements that the user should be made aware of.
• warning - for potentially dangerous actions or important messages.
• info - for highlighting neutral information.
• success - for indicating the successful completion of an action that the user triggered.

See Material Design's Color System for details on color usage and guidelines.

Values

You can explore the default palette values using the theme explorer, or by opening the dev tools console on this page (window.theme.palette).

The default palette uses the shades prefixed with A (A200, etc.) for the secondary palette color, and the un-prefixed shades for the other palette colors.

Customization

You may override the default palette values by including a palette object as part of your theme. If any of the:

• .palette.primary
• .palette.secondary
• .palette.error
• .palette.warning
• .palette.info
• .palette.success

palette color objects are provided, they will replace the default ones.

This can be achieved by either using a color object or by providing the colors directly:

Using a color object

The most direct way to customize a palette color is to import and apply one or more color objects, as shown below:

Providing the colors directly

To modify each color directly, provide an object with one or more of the color tokens. Only the main token is required; light, dark, and contrastText are optional, and if not provided, then their values are calculated automatically:

import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';

const theme = createTheme({
  palette: {
    primary: {
      main: '#FF5733',
      // light: will be calculated from palette.primary.main,
      // dark: will be calculated from palette.primary.main,
      // contrastText: will be calculated to contrast with palette.primary.main
    },
    secondary: {
      main: '#E0C2FF',
      light: '#F5EBFF',
      // dark: will be calculated from palette.secondary.main,
      contrastText: '#47008F',
    },
  },
});

Contrast threshold

The contrastText token is calculated using the contrastThreshold value, to maximize the contrast between the background and the text.

A higher contrast threshold value increases the point at which a background color is considered light, and thus given a dark contrastText. Note that the contrast threshold follows a non-linear curve, and defaults to a value of 3 which indicates a minimum contrast ratio of 3:1.

Tonal offset

The light and dark tokens are calculated using the tonalOffset value, to shift the main color's luminance. A higher tonal offset value will make light tokens lighter, and dark tokens darker.

For example, the tonal offset default value 0.2 shifts the luminance by approximately two indexes, so if the main token is blue[500], then the light token would be blue[300] and dark would be blue[700].

The tonal offset value can be either a number between 0 and 1 (which would apply to both light and dark tokens) or an object with light and dark keys specified:

Custom colors

To add custom colors, you must either provide the tokens manually, or generate them using the augmentColor utility:

Provide tokens manually

The most straightforward approach is to define all tokens—main, light, dark, and contrastText—manually:

import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';

const theme = createTheme({
  palette: {
    ochre: {
      main: '#E3D026',
      light: '#E9DB5D',
      dark: '#A29415',
      contrastText: '#242105',
    },
  },
});

If you need to manipulate colors, @mui/material/styles provides a set of utilities to help with this. The following example uses the alpha() and getContrastRatio() utilities to define tokens using opacity:

import { createTheme, alpha, getContrastRatio } from '@mui/material/styles';

const violetBase = '#7F00FF';
const violetMain = alpha(violetBase, 0.7);

const theme = createTheme({
  palette: {
    violet: {
      main: violetMain,
      light: alpha(violetBase, 0.5),
      dark: alpha(violetBase, 0.9),
      contrastText: getContrastRatio(violetMain, '#fff') > 4.5 ? '#fff' : '#111',
    },
  },
});

Generate tokens using augmentColor utility

Alternatively, you can generate the light, dark and contrastText tokens using the palette's augmentColor utility, which is the same function used for the default palette colors. This requires creating the theme in two steps and providing the main token on which the other will be based on:

import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';

let theme = createTheme({
  // Theme customization goes here as usual, including tonalOffset and/or
  // contrastThreshold as the augmentColor() function relies on these
});

theme = createTheme(theme, {
  // Custom colors created with augmentColor go here
  palette: {
    salmon: theme.palette.augmentColor({
      color: {
        main: '#FF5733',
      },
      name: 'salmon',
    }),
  },
});

The contrast threshold and tonal offset values will apply for the colors defined using this utility.

Using in components

After adding a custom color, you will be able to use it in components just like you do with default palette colors:

<Button color="custom">

TypeScript

If you're using TypeScript, then you need to use module augmentation for custom colors.

To add a custom color to the palette, you must add it to the Palette and PaletteOptions interfaces:

declare module '@mui/material/styles' {
  interface Palette {
    custom: Palette['primary'];
  }

  interface PaletteOptions {
    custom?: PaletteOptions['primary'];
  }
}

To use a custom color for the color prop of a component, you must add it to the component's PropsColorOverrides interface. The example below shows how to do this with a Button component:

declare module '@mui/material/Button' {
  interface ButtonPropsColorOverrides {
    custom: true;
  }
}

Adding color tokens

To add a new color token, include it in the color's object as follows:

import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';
import { blue } from '@mui/material/colors';

const theme = createTheme({
  palette: {
    primary: {
      light: blue[300],
      main: blue[500],
      dark: blue[700],
      darker: blue[900],
    },
  },
});

TypeScript

If you're using TypeScript, then you'll need to use module augmentation to add the new color token to the PaletteColor and SimplePaletteColorOptions interfaces as follows:

declare module '@mui/material/styles' {
  interface PaletteColor {
    darker?: string;
  }

  interface SimplePaletteColorOptions {
    darker?: string;
  }
}

Non-palette colors

To learn how to add colors outside of theme.palette, see Theming—Custom variables.

Accessibility

To meet the minimum contrast of at least 4.5:1 as defined in WCAG 2.1 Rule 1.4.3, create a custom theme with a contrast threshold value of 4.5 as follows:

import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';

const theme = createTheme({
  palette: {
    contrastThreshold: 4.5,
  },
});

Picking colors

Need inspiration? The Material Design team has built an palette configuration tool to help you.

Color schemes

To add both built-in light and dark color schemes without creating separate themes, use the colorSchemes: { light: true, dark: true }. This generates the default tokens for both color schemes:

import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';

const theme = createTheme({
  colorSchemes: {
    light: true,
    dark: true,
  },
});

To override the default tokens for each color scheme, use the same palette object as shown below:

const theme = createTheme({
  colorSchemes: {
    light: {
      palette: {
        primary: {
          main: '#FF5733',
        },
        // ...other tokens
      },
    },
    dark: {
      palette: {
        primary: {
          main: '#E0C2FF',
        },
        // ...other tokens
      },
    },
  },
});

Dark mode

For details of how you can set up a dark mode for your theme, head to the dark mode guide.